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Showing posts with label daily forex. Show all posts

Forex News Update 14-09-07

Dollar Little Changed After Consumer Confidence Rises in U.S.

By Min Zeng

Sept. 14 (Bloomberg) -- The dollar pared its loss versus the yen and was little changed after a report showed consumer confidence in the U.S. strengthened.

The Reuters/University of Michigan index of consumer confidence rose to 83.8 for September, from 83.4 last month. The median forecast of 66 economists surveyed by Bloomberg News was for a reading of 83.5

The dollar was little changed at $1.3881 per euro at 10:06 a.m. in New York, from $1.3885 yesterday, when the U.S. currency declined to an all-time low of $1.3927 per euro. The dollar bought 115.02 yen, from 115.08 yesterday.


US Dollar Recovers on Improving Sentiment, Can the Greenback Hold on to Gains?

Written by David Rodriguez, Currency Analyst

The US dollar showed signs of life through end-of-week trade, as the greenback shrugged off mediocre Advance Retail Sales data to rally on improved consumer confidence figures. A subsequent jump in Treasury bond yields likewise improved the currency’s interest rate differential against major trading counterparts, leaving scope for a continued short term bounce.

The euro pulled back from yesterday’s record-highs, dropping $0.0030 to trade at $1.3854 on the New York afternoon. This paled in comparison to British Pound tumbles, as the Sterling was the hardest-hit by news of UK banking troubles. The GBPUSD shed a whopping 170 points to weekly lows of $2.0080. The Japanese Yen likewise rallied on the overnight banking news, but later dollar strength left the greenback up ¥0.20 to ¥115.27.

A busy morning of economic data was initially a mild disappointment for outlook on domestic growth, with the critical Advance Retail Sales report coming in below consensus forecasts through the month of August. The US Department of Commerce reported that spending growth excluding automobiles actually fell 0.4 percent through the period—far worse than median analyst estimates of a 0.2 percent improvement. US market interest rates immediately tumbled on the news, with the greenback responding in kind. Yet a closer look at the underlying breakdown showed that much of these declines came on a 2.4 percent tumble in gasoline sales. Excluding gasoline, Advance Retail Sales actually gained an impressive 0.6 percent through the period. Though year-over-year growth continues to slow, early signs show that consumers remain resilient despite highly publicized real estate and lending problems.

A later University of Michigan Consumer Confidence report likewise tempered pessimism on the world’s largest economy, with statisticians reporting a modest improvement in sentiment through the first two weeks of September. The headline index was hardly impressive at 83.8 versus the 83.4 print seen in August, but such data reinforces the view that consumers remain thus far unaffected by credit and real estate market troubles. Consumer confidence numbers leaves scope for robust consumer spending through the medium term, which would undoubtedly boost the broader economy in the face of a housing recession.

Domestic stock markets took their cue from the University of Michigan data; the Dow Jones Industrial Average recovered much of its earlier declines through subsequent price action. The index remained 12 points below yesterday’s close of 13,413, but signs of stabilization may make for a relatively uneventful end-of-week session. The S&P 500 was likewise lower, shedding 3 points to 1,481. At the same time, the NASDAQ Composite eased a similar 0.2 percent to 2,597.

A sharp gain in short term Government Treasury yields highlighted decreased market jitters, with the 2-year Note adding 6 basis points to 4.08 percent. Longer-dated bonds remained tame, however, with the 10-year Note adding a mere 2 basis points to 4.49 percent.

Written by David Rodriguez, Currency Analyst for DailyFX


USDJPY Completing Correction From 111.59


Evidence suggests that a 12 year triangle is complete at 124.13 and that the USDJPY is headed to a new low in the coming weeks. However, the wave structure indicates one more advance is likely to occur before the next bearish leg begins. Fibonacci extensions and retrace levels identify potential reversal points.

Weekly chart analysis 09-14-2007 1

Weekly chart analysis 09-14-2007 2

The USDJPY may have completed a 12 year correction in the form of a triangle at 124.13. Triangles unfold in 5 waves (A-B-C-D-E) and the structure above is clearly in 5 waves. There is risk of wave E extending higher towards the next major resistance level of 128.00 but the weight of evidence suggests that wave is complete at 124.13. For one, wave E is close to 61.8% of wave C. Alternating legs of triangles are often related by 61.8% or a derivation of Φ (Phi….618). Wave E would be exactly 61.8% of wave C at 122.57. The top was at 124.13. A difference of just 155 pips when projecting a move that is nearly 3000 pips works out to just over a 5% error. The time relationships between the different legs of the triangles also favor the idea that wave E is complete at 124.13. The weeks that each leg of the triangle took to unfold (from A to E) were 41, 16, 27, 37, 30. The average length of time for each leg is 30.2. Wave E took 30 weeks. The 'look' is right for a top and reversal of significant proportion. A terminal thrust in the direction of the larger trend succeeds completion of a triangle. In the case of the USDJPY, a terminal thrust would result in a drop below the 1995 low of 81.12. A break of the base of the triangle at 101.26 would strongly signal that price is headed below 81.12. However, with the evidence making a strong case that the triangle is complete at 124.13, a longer term bearish bias is warranted against 124.13.

Weekly chart analysis 09-14-20073

The decline from 124.13 is in 5 waves, which strengthens our bearish argument (the decline from 124.13 is either wave 1 or wave a in a bearish cycle). The rally from 111.59 is in 3 waves and most likely wave a within an a-b-c correction. Wave b of that correction ended at 112.59 as a flat. Wave c is now underway towards the 100% extension of 111.59-117.12/112.59 at 118.12 (this is also close to the 50% of 124.13-111.59 at 117.86). 119.34 is also a possible reversal point (which is close to the former 4th wave of 119.84). In summary, look for a rally to the 118.00/119.00 level before a top and reversal. The next leg is expected to come under 111.59.

Weekly chart analysis 09-14-2007 4

This is a very short term chart of the USDJPY (15 minute). The decline from 115.21 is a clear 3 wave correction. This indicates that the rally expected to challenge 118.00 may be underway from 114.35. With the USDJPY currently trading just north of 115.00, reward/risk is favorable for bulls.

Written by Jamie Saettele, Technical Currency Strategist of DailyFX.com


Pound Declines After U.K. Home Lender Gets Emergency Funding

By Anchalee Worrachate and Kosuke Goto

Sept. 14 (Bloomberg) -- The pound fell to a 14-month low against the euro after Northern Rock Plc received the biggest emergency bailout of a British lender in 30 years.

The pound was set for its steepest weekly decline in almost two years on speculation turmoil in the financial markets will prevent the Bank of England from raising interest rates. Northern Rock said it applied for cash from the central bank to ease a ``severe liquidity squeeze,'' because of a squeeze on global credit following a surge in U.S. mortgage defaults.

``Northern Rock's just the latest bad news, and there's probably more to come; the pound's looking increasingly vulnerable,'' said Peter Lucas, chief investment officer at Ashburton Ltd, which manages $1.7 billion in Jersey, the Channel Islands. ``We've been diversifying out of the pound as we see much better investment opportunities elsewhere.''

The pound fell for a third day versus the euro, heading for its biggest weekly drop since November 2005, to 68.89 pence by 1:37 p.m. in London. It earlier reached the lowest since July 2006.

The U.K. currency was poised for a weekly loss versus 15 out of the 16 most-traded currencies. It snapped a three-week advance against the dollar, falling to $2.0155 from $2.0252 yesterday and $2.0287 on Sept. 7.

Investors pared bets the Bank of England will raise borrowing costs this year, interest-rate futures show.

The yield on the December sterling contract fell 13 basis points to 6.17 percent. The contract settles to the three-month London interbank offered rate for the pound, which has averaged about 15 basis points more than the central bank's key rate for the past decade.

Safe Assets

U.K. gilts advanced as the financial-market turmoil stoked demand for the safety of government debt. The yield on the two- year note fell 7 basis points to 5.07 percent, after yesterday touching a nine-month low. It fell 13 basis points on the week.

The price of the 4 percent security due March 2009 rose 0.11, or 1.1 pounds per 1,000-pound ($2,012) face amount, to 98.50.

Ten-year yields dropped 6 basis points to 4.86 percent, near the lowest since March.

Gilts outperformed European debt today on speculation U.K. interest rates have peaked. The extra yield investors demand for holding 10-year gilts over the equivalent German bund narrowed to 72 basis points, the lowest since August last year.

``The fact this procedure has been triggered at all is a stark illustration of how deep and wide the problems afflicting money markets are spreading,'' said John Wraith, head of U.K. interest-rate strategy at Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc.

Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. said after the Northern Rock loan that the U.K. central bank will no longer raise rates from 5.75 percent this year. It had previously forecast borrowing costs would peak at 6 percent.

`Blow for Sterling'

``It's a blow for sterling,'' said Sean Callow, senior currency strategist at Westpac Banking Corp. in Singapore. ``What's worrying is that it's a very big name in the U.K.''

The economy may slow next year as higher credit costs shave as much as 1 percentage point from the pace of growth, the Ernst & Young Item Club predicted today. U.K. gross domestic product grew 3 percent year-on-year for the most recent period available, according to Bloomberg data.

The pound was also hurt after a report from Rightmove Plc, Britain's biggest real-estate Web site, said London house prices fell the most in three years in September after five interest- rate increases in the past year curbed spending.

The U.K. currency pared losses versus the dollar after a report showed U.S. advance retail sales grew less than forecast in August. Sales grew 0.3 percent, from a revised 0.5 percent in July, the U.S. Census Bureau said.

The pound also fell versus Japan's currency, dropping almost 1 percent to 230.90, while gaining 0.4 percent on the week. It was at a 16-year low of 251.14 yen on July 23.

Subprime Crisis

``This news raised concern the U.S. subprime loan problem has been negatively affecting more and more entities worldwide,'' said Masafumi Yamamoto, economist at Nikko Citigroup Ltd. in Tokyo and a former Bank of Japan trader. ``More bad news may come in the coming months, bringing the yen higher.''

Credit-default swaps based on Northern Rock's debt rose 35 basis points to 165 basis points today, according to Deutsche Bank AG prices. That indicates a drop in perceptions of its credit quality.

The loan will be made at a ``punitive rate of interest,'' according to the British Broadcasting Corp.

Northern Rock gets a higher proportion of its funding from the money markets than rivals such as HBOS Plc.



Yen Heads for Weekly Loss as Demand for Riskier Assets Resumes

By Kosuke Goto and Ron Harui

Sept. 14 (Bloomberg) -- The yen headed for the first weekly decline in three as investors resumed purchases of higher- yielding assets funded by loans made in Japan.

The Japanese yen fell against all 16 most-active currencies this week as global equities gained and a credit-market crisis eased in the U.S., prompting investors to re-enter so-called carry trades. The currency rose earlier today on media reports that Northern Rock Plc, the U.K.'s fourth-largest home lender, will receive emergency funds.

``The markets are calming down after the initial report of Northern Rock,'' said Masafumi Yamamoto, a currency economist at Nikko Citigroup Ltd. in Tokyo and a former Bank of Japan trader. ``Investors' risk appetite has increased this week. This led to yen-selling.''

The yen traded at 114.99 per dollar at 11:55 a.m. in Tokyo from 115.08 late in New York yesterday and 113.38 on Sept. 7. It was also at 159.58 per euro from 156.10 a week ago. The yen may move between 113 and 117 per dollar next week, Yamamoto said.

Japan's currency rose against the pound today as the Bank of England will provide Northern Rock with a short-term credit line to keep it operating, the Financial Times said. The loan will be made at a ``punitive rate of interest,'' the British Broadcasting Corp. said. The yen rose to 232.10 per British pound from 233.07.

Asian Shares Gain

The Australian dollar, a favorite of carry trades, rose to 96.45 yen from 93.72 a week ago. New Zealand's dollar, also popular for carry trades, climbed to 81.92 yen from 78.36 on Sept. 7. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index climbed 0.8 percent yesterday and the Morgan Stanley Capital International Asia-Pacific Index of regional shares advanced 0.8 percent today.

Investment trusts will market more than 2.4 trillion yen ($21 billion) of mutual funds this month that aim to buy foreign assets, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The odds the central bank will lift the overnight lending rate on Sept. 19 fell to zero percent this week, based on calculations by Credit Suisse Group using overnight interest-rate swaps.

``Sales of investment trust funds are not so bad,'' said Kei Katayama, who helps oversee the equivalent of about $1 billion at Daiwa SB Investments Ltd. in Tokyo. ``Japanese retail investors are still sending money abroad constantly, stemming an appreciation of the yen,'' which may fall to 118 per dollar by year-end, he said.

Interest-Rate Gap

Japan's 0.5 percent interest rate is the lowest among major economies. That compares with 4 percent in Europe, 5.25 percent in the U.S., 5.75 percent in the U.K., 6.5 percent in Australia and 8.25 percent in New Zealand.

In carry trades, investors get funds in a country with low borrowing costs and invest in one with higher interest rates, earning the spread between the borrowing and lending rate. The risk is that currency moves erase those profits.

One-month implied volatility for the yen rose to 11.70 percent today, from 11.38 percent yesterday. Dealers quote implied volatility, a gauge of expectations for currency moves, as part of pricing options. Higher volatility may discourage carry trades as it implies greater exchange-rate fluctuation risk.

The dollar may rise for a second day against the euro, rebounding from a record low before a U.S. report today that may show retail sales picked up in August, signaling consumer spending is holding up in the face of an economic slowdown.

Smaller Cut?

The U.S. currency is set to snap two weeks of losses versus the yen on speculation the U.S. economy is resilient to the subprime-mortgage crisis, backing the case for the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates by less than a half percentage point. The yield spread between two-year U.S. and Japanese bonds widened to 3.21 percentage points from 3.08 percentage points a week earlier.

``The report may show personal spending is solid and add to expectations the Fed won't have to cut rates by 50 basis points,'' said Seiichiro Muta, director of foreign exchange at UBS AG in Tokyo. ``The dollar may strengthen'' to 115.65 yen and $1.3815 per euro today, he said.

The dollar trimmed this week's decline to 0.8 percent versus the euro to trade at $1.3877. The Commerce Department may say at 8:30 a.m. in Washington that retail sales rose 0.5 percent in August after a 0.3 percent increase the prior month, according to a Bloomberg News survey of economists.

Interest-rate futures show traders pared bets on a half percentage point cut by the Fed at the Sept. 18 meeting to 58 percent odds yesterday from a 76 percent chance a week ago.


Yesterday News

Forex News Update 13-09-07

Pound Rebounds Versus Euro After BOE Relaxes Bank Lending Rules

By Anchalee Worrachate

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) -- The pound rallied against the euro, erasing earlier losses, on speculation the Bank of England's move to ease the lending drought in the credit market may alleviate the effect of the financial crisis on U.K. economic growth.

The central bank today relaxed restrictions on the amount of money financial institutions need to hold with the central bank, encouraging them to lend more to each other. The pound earlier fell to a 14-month low against the euro on speculation the credit market crisis, which has pushed up money market lending rates, will crimp expansion.

``The Bank of England is clearly aiming to reduce the overnight rate,'' said Nick Stamenkovic, strategist at RIA Capital Markets in Edinburgh. ``This might be a small step but it's very well-received by the market and is positive for the pound, at least for now.''

The pound rose to 68.45 pence by 4:40 p.m. in London from 68.51 pence yesterday, after falling to as low as 68.75 pence earlier, its lowest since July last year. The currency was little changed against the dollar at $2.029.

The new BOE's rule will allow commercial banks, which agree to hold a specific amount of money at the central bank at the end of each monthlong maintenance period, to undershoot that target by 37.5 percent and still earn interest at the benchmark rate. That compares with the previous restriction of just 1 percent.

The overnight Libor for pounds fell 3 basis points to 5.87 percent. The three-month rate declined 2 basis points to 6.88 percent, still near its highest since 1998.

The pound fell earlier as a report showing U.K. house prices declined for the first time since 2005 stoked speculation five interest-rate increases by the BOE in the past year are cooling the housing market.

Gilt Auction

Gilts erased earlier gains after the BOE relaxed its deposit rules and as a five-year bond auction drew lower demand than expected.

The Debt Management Office sold 2.5 billion pounds of a 5.25 percent gilt maturing in 2012. The sale drew bids 1.98 times the amount of securities on offer, compared with an average bid-to- cover ratio of 1.66 times in the previous two auctions.

Gilts sold off as some traders had expected stronger bids on speculation the financial market crisis would boost demand for safest assets, said Richard McGuire, London-based strategist at Royal Bank of Canada, which is one of the DMO's 17 gilt primary dealers.

`Impressive' Result

``The auction was taken down without any difficulty, but it's not quite the impressive result that we in the market had been looking for,'' said McGuire. ``We expected the financial market backdrop to drive demand for short-dated safe-haven assets.''

The two-year gilt yield rose 10 basis points to 5.14 percent after falling to 5.03 percent, its lowest since December. Bond yields move inversely to prices.

The 10-year gilt yield rose 3 basis points to 4.92 percent. The price of the 4 percent bond maturing September 2016 fell 0.19, or 1.9 pounds per 1,000-pound face amount, to 93.35.

Still, gilts outperformed European debt on speculation Britain's interest rates have peaked. The extra yield investors demand for holding 10-year gilts over the equivalent German bund fell to 75 basis points today, the narrowest in a year.

The yield on the December interest-rate futures contract fell 9 basis points to 6.31 percent. The contract settles to the three-month London interbank offered rate for the pound, which has averaged about 15 basis points more than the central bank's key rate for the past decade.

The June 2008 contract rose by 6 basis points, suggesting investors are scaling back their expectations that the central bank may need to cut interest rates next year.


Yen Declines Versus Euro on Risk Appetite and Japanese Politics

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) -- The yen fell the most against the dollar and euro in more than two weeks as investors took advantage of political uncertainty in Japan and increasing risk appetite to buy assets funded by loans in the country.

Japan's yen fell versus all 16 most-active currencies as global stocks gained and the unexpected resignation of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe yesterday raised speculation whether the Bank of Japan will boost interest rates this year. The dollar rose after reaching a record low versus the euro as a technical gauge showed the U.S. currency may be poised to rally.

``Political disorder in Japan is entering the mix and is adding to the pressure on the yen,'' said Greg Salvaggio, vice president of capital markets at currency-trading company Tempus Consulting in Washington. ``The BOJ has proven to be unwilling to move in times of political turmoil and is likely to take a wait- and-see approach following Abe's resignation.''

The yen fell 0.9 percent to 115.27 versus the dollar at 12:56 p.m. in New York. It declined 0.8 percent to 160.18 versus the euro. The dollar rose to $1.3895 per euro, from $1.3904 yesterday, after trading at a record low of $1.3927 earlier.

Investors' appetite for risk rose as the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1.1 percent to 13,430.98 while the Standard & Poor's 500 Index increased 0.9 percent to 1,485.19. Stocks in Europe and Asia also strengthened.

The yield on three-month euro-yen December futures has fallen to 0.81 percent from 1.03 percent two months ago as investors pare expectations of rate increases by the BOJ.

`Unlikely to Raise'

``The question is whether the new government will press the BOJ to keep rates on hold to spur growth,'' said Richard Franulovich, a senior currency strategist at Westpac Banking Corp. in New York. ``Unless U.S. growth improves, and the growth picture in Japan improves, which I don't think we will have in the next few months, the BOJ is unlikely to raise rates.''

Japan's economy contracted at a 1.2 percent annual rate in the three months ended June 30, almost twice the pace forecast by analysts, the Cabinet Office said in Tokyo this week. The government initially forecast a 0.5 percent expansion.

The BOJ's key overnight lending rate of 0.5 percent is the lowest among major economies, encouraging investors to put on so- called carry trades in which they borrow in countries with low interest rates, such as Japan, to invest in higher-yielding assets elsewhere. Higher borrowing costs in Japan would decrease the profitability of the trade.

The benchmark rate is 11.25 percent in Brazil and 6.5 percent in Australia. The yen fell 1.8 percent versus the Brazilian real and 0.8 percent against the Australian dollar.

The Japanese currency fell 1.6 percent versus the New Zealand dollar after its central bank left the key interest rate at a record-high 8.25 percent today.

Swiss Franc

The Swiss franc, a popular funding source for the carry trades, fell even after policy makers raised borrowing costs a quarter-percentage point today to 2.75 percent. It declined to 1.6487 versus the euro, from 1.6475 yesterday.

Goldman Sachs Group Inc.'s Global Alpha hedge fund fell 22.5 percent in August. Its biggest losses stemmed from selling the yen and buying Australian dollars. The carry trade unraveled when the Australian dollar fell 6 percent against the yen in August, according to an update sent to investors.

The dollar has lost 3.3 percent versus the euro since Aug. 16, pushing the 14-day relative strength index for the dollar against the euro to 68.93, up from about 32 on Aug. 16. A reading above 70 indicates a reversal may occur.

Decreases in interest rates on interbank loans and commercial paper indicated some resumption in lending after the past month's losses in asset-backed securities.

Three-month Libor, a key indicator of bank willingness to lend, decreased to 5.69 percent, the lowest since Sept. 3, from 5.70 percent, the British Bankers' Association said.

`Dollar Strength'

``You may see some short-term dollar strength against the euro as investors are waiting for what the Fed is going to do next week,'' said Tom Fitzpatrick, global head of currency strategy at Citigroup Global Markets Inc. in New York

Fitzpatrick sees ``heavy'' option barriers between $1.3940 and $1.40 slowing further losses. The options are put in place by traders betting the dollar won't fall past that point, and they will protect these wagers by dollar buying once the currency approaches these levels.

Traders lowered bets the Fed will cut its benchmark interest rate to 4.75 percent from 5.25 percent at its Sept. 18 meeting.

Interest-rate futures show 60 percent odds the Fed will lower borrowing costs by half a percentage point, down from 74 percent yesterday.

Pound Versus Euro

The pound rallied from a 14-month low versus the euro on speculation the Bank of England's move to ease the lending drought in the credit market today may alleviate the effect of the financial crisis on U.K. economic growth.

The pound gained to 1.4601 against the euro, from 1.4596 yesterday.

Turkey's lira, the best performer among emerging-market currencies versus the euro and dollar in the last six months, continued to gain even after the central bank unexpectedly lowered its benchmark interest rate by a quarter-percentage point to 17.25 percent today. The lira has jumped 13.4 percent versus the dollar and 7.8 percent against the euro the last six months.


Yen Volatility Falls to 3-Week Low on Easing Credit Concerns

By Kosuke Goto

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) --Volatility on options for the yen versus the dollar fell to a three-week low as concerns eased that credit-market losses will deepen.

Volatility, a gauge of expected exchange-rate fluctuations, slid for a third day as the risk of owning corporate bonds declined in Europe and the U.S., prompting traders to decrease the demand for options to hedge against further strength in the yen. So-called risk-reversal rates on dollar-yen options show traders paid the smallest premium in almost a month for yen calls, which grant the right to buy the currency, versus puts, giving the right to sell.

``With the markets calming down, traders are hardly expecting any panic yen-buying,'' said Ryousei Ishida, senior vice president of foreign-exchange options at Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd. in Tokyo. ``Speculation the dollar-yen will trade in a small range is pushing down the volatility.''

Implied volatility on one-month dollar-yen options fell to 11.53 percent as of 3:59 p.m. in Tokyo, the lowest since Aug. 23, from 12.50 percent yesterday.

The risk-reversal rate on one-month options was at minus 3.4 percent compared with minus 4.4 at the beginning of the month. A negative value indicates greater demand for yen calls.

Declining Risk

Volatility reached 23.50 percent on Aug. 17, the highest since January 1999, and the risk reversal rate reached minus 6.5 as traders dumped investments funded by loans in Japan. The yen touched the strongest since June 2006 the same day as traders were spooked by a rout in credit markets stemming from losses in securities tied to U.S. subprime mortgages.

The yen was little changed at 114.28 per dollar following a 3.2 percent gain the past month.

The risk of owning U.S. and European corporate bonds fell yesterday, according to traders of credit-default swaps.

Contracts on the CDX North America Investment-Grade Index, a benchmark for the cost of protecting investment-grade bonds from default, decreased 1 basis point to 74 basis points, according to Phoenix Partners Group in New York. A fall signals improving perceptions of credit quality.

Credit-default swaps on the iTraxx Europe Index of 125 companies with investment-grade debt also slid 1.75 basis points to 52.25 basis points, according to JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Contracts on the iTraxx Crossover Series 7 Index of 50 European companies with mostly high-risk, high-yield credit ratings decreased 4 basis points to 349 basis points, JPMorgan prices show. A basis point on a credit-default swap contract protecting $10 million of debt from default for five years is equivalent to $1,000 a year.

Carry Trade

Falling volatility may drive the yen lower by giving investors confidence to borrow in Japan, where the benchmark interest rate is 0.5 percent, and buy assets in higher-yielding markets, known as carry trades.

The yen may also fall on signs the U.S. and European asset- backed commercial paper market is improving and global stock markets stabilizing, reviving confidence of investors to buy riskier assets funded by loans in Japan, according to Kosuke Hanao, head of foreign exchange in Tokyo at HSBC Bank.

The U.S. and European asset-backed commercial paper market is showing signs of improving following a monthlong slide, the American Securitization Forum and the European Securitisation Forum said in a statement yesterday.

`Calming Down'

The Morgan Stanley Capital International Asia-Pacific Index of shares has gained 10.4 percent from a seven-month low on Aug. 17. The 10-day historical volatility of the index was at 10 percent, down from the 40.2 percent reached Aug. 27, the highest since May 2004.

``The ABCP market is doing relatively well, so is the equity market in emerging economies,'' Hanao said. ``The markets are calming down. This will encourage the yen carry trade, pushing up yen-crosses.''

The yen may fall to as low as 115 per dollar today, he said.

In carry trades, investors get funds in a country with low borrowing costs and invest in one with higher interest rates, earning the spread between the borrowing and lending rate. The risk is that currency moves erase those profits.


Dollar Declines to All-Time Low Versus Euro on Slowing Economy

By Lukanyo Mnyanda and Ron Harui

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) -- The dollar fell to an all-time low against the euro on speculation signs of slowing U.S. economic growth will prompt the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates, reducing the appeal of assets denominated in the U.S. currency.

The dollar is poised for the longest losing streak since October 2004 as investors increase bets the Fed will cut its target rate on Sept. 18. A government report today will probably show U.S. jobless claims rose this month. The euro also gained as a report showed inflation in France, the second-largest of the 13 economies sharing the currency, quickened last month.

``We're still in a weak dollar environment,'' said Mitul Kotecha, head of currency strategy at Calyon in London. ``Concerns about the U.S. economy have intensified and that's played negatively for the dollar.''

The dollar was at $1.3906 per euro at 11:08 a.m. in London from $1.3904 in New York late yesterday after trading at a record low of $1.3927. The dollar bought 114.68 yen from 114.25 yen and was at $2.026 versus the British pound from $2.0291.

The Labor Department in Washington will say initial jobless claims rose by 7,000 to 325,000 in the week ended Sept. 8, according to a Bloomberg News survey of 43 economists. That may cause investors to raise bets the Federal Open Market Committee will trim the main lending rate next week from 5.25 percent.

``The focal point for investors remains the FOMC meeting next week,'' said Kamal Sharma, a currency strategist at Bank of America in London. ``The bias remains for a weak dollar.''

Rate Cut Expectations

Interest-rate futures show 74 percent odds policy makers will lower borrowing costs half a percentage point to 4.75 percent. A month ago, traders expected a quarter-point cut. The equivalent rate in the euro zone is 4 percent.

Investors have this week increased bets the European Central Bank will increase its key rate this year after the bank vowed to keep ``upside'' inflation risks at bay. A report today showed prices in France rose by the most in four months.

``The medium-term outlook for price stability remains subject to upside risks,'' the Frankfurt-based ECB said in its monthly bulletin published today. ``By acting in a firm and timely manner, the governing council will ensure that risks to price stability over the medium term do not materialize.''

ECB council member Guy Quaden told the De Tijd newspaper in an interview that a squeeze on credit caused by concern over losses linked to U.S. subprime mortgages may have ``negative consequences'' on the U.S. economy.

Banks and companies are seeking to refinance about $700 billion of commercial paper in the U.S. currency this week, analysts led by Michael Hart at Citigroup Inc. wrote in a research report on Sept. 11. Borrowers in the commercial paper market are struggling to sell new notes because of concern some of the short-term debt is linked to subprime-mortgage assets.

Euribor Futures

The implied yield on the December Euribor futures contract has risen 8 basis points since the end of last week and was at 4.53 percent today. The contract settles to the three-month interbank offered rate for the euro, which has averaged about 18 basis points above the ECB's key rate since 1999.

``Oil is surging, so there's an upside risk to inflation in Europe,'' said Hideaki Inoue, chief manager of derivatives and fixed-income investment at Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corp. in Tokyo. ``The ECB is hawkish, so rates are likely to go up.'' The euro may rise to $1.3950 and 159.50 yen today, he said.

Crude for October delivery was at $79.80 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange at 9:37 a.m. in London, after yesterday rising above $80 a barrel for the first time. Higher prices may increase import prices in the $10.4 trillion euro- zone economy and increase pressure on the ECB to raise rates.

Yen Weakens

The yen weakened as Japanese investors put money into more than 2.4 trillion yen ($21 billion) of mutual funds marketed this month to lure investment in overseas assets, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

New Zealand's central bank left its key rate at a record- high 8.25 percent today, as predicted by all 14 economists surveyed by Bloomberg, pushing the yield spread with two-year Japanese bonds to 6.05 percentage points from 6.01 percentage points yesterday. The Bank of Japan's key overnight lending rate of 0.5 percent is the lowest among major economies. The benchmark rate is 6.50 percent in Australia and 5.75 percent in the U.K.

``The speed may have slowed, but there are constant capital outflows by Japanese retail investors related to investment trust funds,'' said Junya Ota, who oversees the equivalent of about $7 billion at Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., a unit of Japan's largest lender. ``This is stemming the yen's appreciation.''

The yen traded at 82.06 against New Zealand's dollar from 79.91 a week ago. It also was at 96.65 versus Australia's dollar from 95.66 on Sept. 6 and at 232.22 a British pound from 231.84 yesterday. It may fall to 117 per U.S. dollar by year-end, Ota forecast.

Japanese investors bought 1.4 trillion yen more foreign bonds than they sold during the week ended Sept. 8, the most since October 2005, according to figures based on reports from designated major investors released today by the Ministry of Finance in Tokyo.


Swiss Franc Gains Against Dollar, Euro Before SNB Rate Decision

By Agnes Lovasz

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) -- The Swiss franc rose to its highest against the dollar in almost 2 1/2 years on speculation the central bank will lift interest rates today to ward off inflation.

The franc also snapped three days of losses against the euro before Swiss National Bank policy makers are expected to raise rates a quarter point to 2.75 percent, according to a Bloomberg News survey of economists. This would make the franc less popular to carry trade investors, who sell the currency to fund higher- yielding purchases elsewhere.

``They are going to raise rates because they are very focused on normalizing monetary policy,'' said Niels From, a currency strategist at Dresdner Kleinwort in Frankfurt. ``The focus will be on the comments after the meeting and the baseline is they're going to hike further. The franc could gain ground.''

Against the dollar, the franc advanced to 1.1814, the highest since April 2005, and was trading at 1.1821 by 11:16 a.m. in Zurich. It rose to 1.6455 per euro, from 1.6475 yesterday.

The Zurich-based central bank has raised borrowing costs seven times since 2005 and has signaled it's prepared to lift them again. The decision is due at 2 p.m. local time.

Switzerland's main rate is the second lowest among major economies after Japan. The franc has risen 2.1 percent this month against its U.S. counterpart as investors shunned high-yielding assets funded with loans in the Swiss and Japanese currencies on concern the collapse of the U.S. subprime mortgage market will drag down global economic growth.

In a carry trade, investors borrow funds in a country with low borrowing costs and convert the proceeds into a currency they can lend out a higher rate. They earn the spread between the borrowing and lending rates. The risk is that currency market moves may erase their profit.

Swiss government debt advanced, with the yield on the 4.25 percent bond due June 2017 falling 3 basis points to 2.80 percent. Yields move inversely to bond prices.


Dollar Trades Near All-Time Low Versus Euro on Slowing Economy

By Ron Harui and Kosuke Goto

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) -- The dollar traded near an all-time low versus the euro on signs U.S. economic growth is slowing, suggesting an interest-rate advantage over Europe will narrow.

The currency is poised for the longest losing streak since October 2004 as investors increase bets the Federal Reserve will reduce its target rate next week. Faster wage growth signaled borrowing costs in Europe may rise, while a U.S. government report today will probably show higher unemployment claims.

``The dollar is likely to continue falling with the potential rate cut in the U.S.,'' said Jonathan Cavanagh, a strategist at Westpac Banking Corp. in Sydney. ``The European Central Bank has a tightening bias, which puts them at a favorable differential to the U.S.''

The dollar traded at $1.3901 per euro at 9 a.m. in London from $1.3904 late in New York yesterday, when it declined to a record low of $1.3914. The dollar bought 114.46 yen from 114.25 yen and was at $2.0268 versus the British pound from $2.0291.

The U.S. currency may extend this month's 2 percent decline versus the euro as the Labor Department will probably report in Washington today initial jobless claims rose by 7,000 to 325,000 in the week ended Sept. 8, according to a Bloomberg News survey of economists.

Interest-rate futures show 74 percent odds the Fed will lower borrowing costs half a percentage point to 4.75 percent. A month ago, traders expected a quarter-point cut.

The dollar also may weaken after ECB council member Guy Quaden told the De Tijd newspaper in an interview that the subprime-mortgage crisis may have ``negative consequences' on the U.S. economy.

``The subprime loan problem is the main worry for investors,'' said Xing Wei, a currency dealer at Shinsei Bank Ltd. in Tokyo. ``The dollar may be sold'' to $1.3950 per euro and 114.00 yen today, she said.

Japanese Mutual Funds

Banks and companies are seeking to refinance about $700 billion of commercial paper in the U.S. currency this week, analysts led by Michael Hart at Citigroup Inc. wrote in a research report on Sept. 11. Borrowers in the commercial paper market are struggling to sell new notes because of concern some of the short-term debt is linked to U.S. subprime mortgage assets.

The yen weakened as Japanese investors put money into more than 2.4 trillion yen ($21 billion) of mutual funds marketed this month to lure investment in overseas assets, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

New Zealand's central bank left its key rate at a record- high 8.25 percent today, as predicted by all 14 economists surveyed by Bloomberg, pushing the yield spread with two-year Japanese bonds to 6.05 percentage points from 6.01 percentage points yesterday. The Bank of Japan's key overnight lending rate of 0.5 percent is the lowest among major economies. The benchmark rate is 6.50 percent in Australia and 5.75 percent in the U.K.

`Constant Capital Outflows'

``The speed may have slowed, but there are constant capital outflows by Japanese retail investors related to investment trust funds,'' said Junya Ota, who oversees the equivalent of about $7 billion at Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., a unit of Japan's largest lender. ``This is stemming the yen's appreciation.''

The yen traded at 81.52 against New Zealand's dollar from 79.91 a week ago. It also was at 96.21 versus Australia's dollar from 95.66 on Sept. 6 and at 231.95 a British pound from 231.84 yesterday. It may fall to 117 per U.S. dollar by year-end, Ota forecast.

Japanese investors bought 1.4 trillion yen more foreign bonds than they sold during the week ended Sept. 8, the most since October 2005, according to figures based on reports from designated major investors released today by the Ministry of Finance in Tokyo.

The euro may climb to a record against the dollar for a second day on speculation ECB council member Yves Mersch will reiterate policy makers' concern that inflation will accelerate. He speaks at 9 a.m. in Luxembourg.

ECB Rate Bets

Traders added to bets the ECB will raise interest rates to curb rising prices as crude oil advanced to a record high yesterday on concern storms in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic will disrupt output.

``Oil is surging, so there's an upside risk to inflation in Europe,'' said Hideaki Inoue, chief manager of derivatives and fixed-income investment at Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corp. in Tokyo. ``The ECB's hawkish, so rates are likely to go up. The euro is heading higher'' to $1.3950 and 159.50 yen today, he said.

The euro may gain for a fourth day versus the yen, the longest run since July 9, after ECB council member Erkki Liikanen said yesterday there's a risk inflation will accelerate as the region's economy continues to expand.

Crude oil for October delivery was at $79.76 a barrel today after the contract reached $80.18 yesterday, its highest intraday price since trading began in 1983.

The implied yield on the December Euribor futures contract was at 4.55 percent today, up from 4.54 percent yesterday. The contract settles to the three-month interbank offered rate for the euro, which has averaged about 18 basis points above the ECB's key rate since 1999.


Pound Falls Against Dollar on Signs House-Price Growth Slowing

By Anchalee Worrachate

Sept. 13 (Bloomberg) -- The pound fell versus the dollar as a survey showing U.K. house prices declined in August for the first time since 2005 stoked speculation three Bank of England interest-rate increases this year are slowing property gains.

The number of real-estate agents saying house prices fell exceeded those reporting gains by 1.8 percentage points, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors said. The pound is near a four-month low versus the euro as higher borrowing costs from the U.S. subprime loan slump prompt traders to cut bets the U.K. central bank will lift rates again this year.

``We still expect the BOE to leave rates on hold over the next few months,'' said Nick Bate, economist at Merrill Lynch & Co. in London who used to work for the Treasury. ``With the underlying growth in the economy expected to weaken going forward, and inflation risk abating, we think the bank may cut rates towards the middle of 2008.''

The pound slipped to $2.0256 by 8:23 a.m. in London, from $2.0292 yesterday. It was also at 68.56 pence per euro, compared with 68.51 pence.

BOE Governor Mervyn King indicated yesterday the bank is reluctant to bail out the financial markets as it would encourage risk behavior in the future. His comments fuelled speculation the lending drought will drag on, hurting the economy and forcing it to cut rates.

The three-month rate banks charge each other for pounds held at its highest in nine years after King's comments.

Gilt Sale

Gilts gained before a five-year bond auction today. The Debt Management Office will sell 2.5 billion pounds of the 5.25 percent gilt maturing in June 2012.

Two-year gilt yields fell 2 basis points to 5.02 percent in London. The 10-year yield also slipped 2 basis points to 4.87 percent.

The yield on the December interest-rate futures contract fell 4 basis points to 6.36 percent. The March 2008 contact yield declined 5 basis points to 5.86 percent, indicating investors believe the BOE may cut rates next year.

The contract settles to the three-month London interbank offered rate for the pound, which has averaged about 15 basis points more than the central bank's key rate for the past decade.


Dollar Broke 1.39 vs Euro


The dollar broke the 1.39 handle against the euro on Wednesday on raising concerns about US economy and the Fed outlook. The sterling rose to as high as 2.03 versus the dollar.

The market focus has shifted from general risks aversion to US-economy related risk aversion. Last Friday's unexpectedly weak non-farm payrolls added to the worries about the US economy. It is still hard to measure how much impact the subprime and credit market crunch may have on the broad economy. The Fed needs to cut interest rates to avoid economic recession. The market has fully priced in an interest rate cut by the Fed on September 18 meeting. Most in the market has a bearish sentiment over the greenback.

The Fed is the only central bank that is going to lower the rates, while the ECB and BOE are expected to raise interest rates by at least once this year.

ECB Governing Council member Victor Constancio said on Wednesday that the central bank are keeping all options open, reinforcing expectations for a rate hike by the year-end.

Besides, oil set a record intraday high at 78.84 per barrel today, pushing the dollar down futher.

Tomorrow will see US weekly jobless claims, which is expected to increase from 318k to 325k.

EURUSD will face interim resistance at 1.3920, followed by 1.3950 and 1.3980. Additional ceilings will emerge at 1.40, backed by 1.4020. Support starts at 1.3880, backed by 1.3850, 1.3830 and 1.38. Subsequent floors are eyed at 1.3770.

GBPUSD encounters interim resistance at 2.03, backed by 2.0320 and 2.0350. Subsequent ceilings will emerge at 2.0380, followed by 2.04 and 2.0450. On the downside, support begins at 2.0280, followed by 2.0250 and 2.0220. Additional floors are eyed at 2.02, backed by 2.0180 and 2.0150.

USDJPY encounters interim resistance at 114.50, backed by 114.80 and 115. Subsequent ceilings will emerge at 115.30, followed by 115.50 and 115.80. On the downside, support begins at 114 and 113.80, followed by 113.50. Additional floors are eyed at 113.30, backed by 113 and 112.70.

By MG Finance Group

Australia Sep Inflation Expectations 3.1% Vs 3.8% In Aug

Australia Sep Inflation Expectations 3.1% Vs 3.8% In Aug

SYDNEY (Dow Jones)--A survey of inflationary expectations shows Australian consumers expect prices to rise 3.1% over the next 12 months, down from 3.8% in August.

The Melbourne University's Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research said Thursday the proportion of survey respondents expecting annual inflation to fall within the Reserve Bank of Australia's target band of 2.0% to 3.0% increased to 18.7% in September from 17.8% in August.

The survey uses the median rate for price rises expected over the next 12 months.

The institute said the RBA's 25 basis point cash rate hike to 6.5% in August appeared to have curbed inflationary expectations.

Australia's consumer price index rose 2.1% year-on year in the June quarter of 2007.

-By Sam Holmes


Japanese Bought Net Y1.39T Foreign Bonds Last Week

Japanese Bought Net Y1.39T Foreign Bonds Last Week

TOKYO (Dow Jones)--Japanese investors were net buyers of foreign bonds last week for the second week running, Ministry of Finance data showed Thursday.

They bought Y1.39 trillion of foreign bonds on a net basis in the week of Sept. 2-8, up from net purchases of Y140.1 billion the week before, according to the MOF's weekly portfolio flows data.

Japanese investors increased their buying last week amid growing speculation that the U.S. Federal Reserve would cut interest rates to help the economy fight off the effects of the subprime loan turmoil, market players said.

Meanwhile, Japanese investors remained net buyers of foreign stocks last week. They bought a net Y98.3 billion, compared with net purchases of Y66 billion the week before.

Elsewhere, foreign investors were net sellers of Japanese bonds for a second consecutive week. They sold Y95.9 billion of Japanese bonds last week, compared with net sales of Y52.5 billion the previous week.


Web site:
http://www.mof.go.jp/english/e1c009.htm
-By Hiroshi Inoue

Forex News Update 12-09-07

Will the Fed be Proactive (50bp) or Reactive (25bp) on September 18th?

The biggest debate in the currency markets at the moment surrounds what the Federal Reserve will do on September 18th. We expect the upcoming interest rate decision to create a great volatility in the financial markets because with less than a week to go, economists and traders have yet to reach a consensus on how much the Federal Reserve will lower interest rates, if at all. According to the 117 economists surveyed by Bloomberg, 69 percent expect a quarter point cut, but according to a DailyFX Poll of 255 voters, only 48 percent expect the Fed to move.

It has become painfully obvious that Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke has encountered the "first year curse," where new Fed Chairman are faced with a major financial crisis shortly after taking office. The recent rally in the global equity markets and the sell-off in the US dollar indicate that some type of easing is expected, but the question is still, "do current conditions and future outlooks warrant a 25 or 50 basis point rate cut?" In our opinion, this is really a question of whether the Fed chooses to deal with the problems in the US economy proactive or reactively. A 25bp cut would be putting be a band aid on the subprime and credit crisis in hopes that the problem does not exacerbate while a 50bp cut would represent an aggressive move by the Federal Reserve to tackle the problem before it worsens.

What Kind of Economy Is The Fed Grappling With?

While the markets have been speculating for weeks that the Federal Reserve will move to lower interest rates on September 18th, the release of dismal labor market data on Friday, September 7th essentially cemented the prospects of a rate cut. US non-farm payrolls declined for the first time in four years during the month of August. The 4k drop was particularly dour against estimates of a fairly strong reading of 100k. Surprisingly, the unemployment rate remained unchanged at 4.6 percent, but this was largely a function of a drop in the labor force participation rate to its lowest since 1988. Countrywide Financial Corp. added to the gloomy sentiment by announcing later on the same day that the firm would cut 10,000 to 12,000 jobs – about 20 percent of the company's entire workforce. With the housing recession only worsening and likely to seep into other areas of the economy, the situation for domestic laborers is likely to grow increasingly worse through the medium term.

The collapse of the subprime mortgage market and subsequent impact on the labor market could have other negative effects as well. First, household sentiment has already started to take a hit as the Conference Board's consumer confidence index fell during the month of August to a one year low of 105.0. A breakdown of the index shows that Americans are far less optimistic, as the number of people indicating that they expect business conditions to worsen, fewer jobs to be available, and income to decrease within the next six months all picked up. This gloomy sentiment signals that consumption growth could suffer, especially as volatile financial markets and high gas prices are unlikely to abate in the near-term. Thus far, US retailers have performed fairly well, as the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) recently reported that August chain-store sales saw 2.9 percent increase from last year. However, it appears that most of the improvements came as a result of massive discounting, as chains like Wal-Mart and Macy's have slashed prices in order to draw customers, which has the potential to slim-down profit margins. Retailers won't be able to use these tactics forever, and a slowdown in consumption is likely to show through eventually. Even retailing executives are leery about the outlook. Last week Myron E. Ullman, chief executive of JC Penney said, said in reference to shoppers' anxiety about the economy, "It will be tougher than it is now. I do not see anything on the horizon that will turn this around." With the US consumer responsible for almost 70 percent of GDP, the risks for a sharp slowdown in economic expansion in Q3 and Q4 rise dramatically.

It's Not A Matter Of If They Will Cut, But By How Much…

Given the feeble condition of the US economy, and the even more fragile outlooks, there is little doubt the Federal Reserve will cut rates in September. According to the Fed Fund futures curve there is a greater chance of 75bp of easing than no cut at all. The consequences of unchanged rates would be severe. The entire yield curve would be repriced and the stock market would collapse. Therefore the more important question is: will the Fed deliver a 25 basis point cut or a 50 basis point cut?

25 Basis Points

A 25 basis point cut following the Federal Reserve's September 18th meeting is very much priced into Fed fund futures and has been ever since August 9th, when the liquidity crunch initially hit bond and equity markets. In fact, just a day prior, the markets were pricing in only a 20 percent probability of a September cut and 100 percent chance of only one 25 basis point reduction by the end of the year. Of the 117 economists surveyed by Bloomberg 81 indicated that they thought the central bank would reduce rates to 5.00 percent during the third quarter. This slower approach to loosening monetary conditions may be preferred by the Federal Reserve, as Bernanke will likely want to allow time to gauge the impact of their previous policy actions. Furthermore, the US dollar, carry trades, and equity markets may be more even-keeled in coming months as a less extreme policy move in the near-term would create the potential for additional policy action in the long-term. Nevertheless, traders should count on a spike in volatility on the announcement of any policy decision and sustained weakness in the US dollar as long as the Fed is expected to cut rates again. Keep an eye on the FOMC statement

50 Basis Points

As we mentioned above, a 25 basis point interest-rate cut is already priced in for September, but what about a more dramatic cut? At the time of writing, Fed Fund futures show a greater than 50 percent chance of a half-point cut to 4.75 percent, however, only 24 out of 117 economists polled by Bloomberg agree with this outlook. However, given the sharp decline in last Friday's non-farm payrolls report, this outcome has become more realistic and of the equity markets start to get pummeled once again, the probabilities of such a move will only increase. Over the next few months, a 50 basis point cut may prove to be the most bullish for equity markets, who will breathe a sigh of relief, but bearish for the US dollar as interest rate differentials would be quickly out of favor for the currency.

What About the US Dollar and Carry Trades?

One of the most surprising things we initially saw in the forex markets when global stocks were first sent reeling in early August was the fact that the US Dollar strengthened against currencies like the Euro and British Pound, while carry trades unraveled at a frightening pace. However, we saw this dynamic shift on September 5th, when US pending home sales were released at a horrid -12.2 percent. The news was so bad that it cemented the prospect of lower US interest rates in the minds of forex traders, sending the US dollar plummeting against the majors – including the Japanese yen – even as the Dow tumbled 150 points. The shift also signaled that the greenback was no longer being utilized as a safe-haven asset by international investors. Since then, the financial markets have stabilized somewhat, with carry trades and equity markets moving in tandem, while dour US economic data leads the US dollar to weaken.

Going forward, the potential for policy action by the Federal Reserve will make the US dollar less attractive amidst lower interest rates and slower growth prospects. In fact, the US dollar doesn't stand much of a chance of strengthening significantly in the near-term unless the central bank does the unexpected: leaves rates steady. This decision would quickly bring back the scenario where the US dollar rallied as a safe-haven asset while US equity markets crumbled.

Meanwhile, the status of the once-lucrative carry trade will remain contingent upon the status of equity markets, which has served as an excellent barometer of the risk-seeking nature of forex traders. As a result, if policy action (or lack of it) by the Federal Reserve fails to leave Wall Street satisfied, the profitability of carry trades could deteriorate further. On the other hand, rate cuts by the central bank, especially successive ones throughout the next few months, will send pairs like GBPJPY and EURJPY rocketing higher.

By DailyFx


US: FOMC likely to cut by 25bp in September

To gauge interest rate movements around the FOMC meeting on September 18, it might be useful to look back to the situation in 1998 where the FOMC started cutting rates at itsSeptember meeting from a peak of 5.50%. The following quote from the September 1998 Minutes illustratesthe similarities between the situation back then and now:

'They (the FOMC committee) recognized that there were at present few statistical indicationsthat the economy was on a significantly slower growth track. [] At the same time, however, investors' perceptions of risks and their aversion to taking on more risk had increased markedly in financial markets around the world. That change in sentiment was exacerbating financial and economic problems in a number of impor-tant trading partners of the United States. In addition, it was generating lower equity prices and tightening credit availability in U.S. financial markets. As a consequence, the downside risks to the domestic expan-sion appeared to have risen substantially in recent weeks.'

Although the domestic economy is weaker than in 1998, the situation currently facing the FOMC has many parallels to the situation back then. In particular, the FOMC also today faces global financial market turmoil and high uncertainty about the impact on economic growth. Hence, we think the interest rate movements around the Fed cuts in late 1998 represent a useful benchmark for movements in USD interest rates in the coming months.

Charts A and B on the front page display the Federal Funds target rate and 2Y and 10Y USD bond yields, respectively, around the Fed cuts in 1998. Interest rates started falling well ahead of Fed's rate cuts. They continued declining after Fed's first rate cut before stabilising at a higher level around the time of the third rate cut. In other words, bond yields were 'over-shooting'.

Another instance of 'over-shooting' occurred in 1995-96 when the Fed also cut the Federal funds target three times before going on hold. Charts C and D display how 2Y and 10Y bond yields evolved duringthis period. Bond yields trended down between the first and third rate cut, before shooting up in the months fol-lowing the third rate cut in January.

In the cases referred to above, when the Fed starts cutting interest rates, markets often anticipate it as the beginning of a longer sequence of rate cuts. This behaviour is merely a reflection of the extrapolative nature of financial markets. However, in cases with only a short sequence of rate cuts, this naturally leads to over-shooting. As market expectations align with actual Fed policy, this overshooting is reversed.

'Overshooting' to reappear

Based on the similarities between the situation now and in 1998, we think the 'overshooting' scenario could be repeated over the coming months. Ifour Fed call of two 25bp rate cuts at the September and the October meetings carries through, bond yields would probably rise as markets currently price in a more dovish Fed path. Consistent with this, our recent Interest Rate Forecast from September 3 implied lower USD rates at the 1M horizon and higher USD rates at the 3M horizon.

The risk to our 'overshooting' scenario for USD rates is that stronger evidence of an impact from the finan-cial crisis to the broader economy starts to emerge. For example, if last Friday's weak Non-Farm Payrollsfigure turns out not to be a temporary dip, then bond yields might well extendthe recent downward trend. However, we expect the US labour market to recover from this very weak reading, see 'US: Weak job mar-ket in August' and the 'overshooting' scenario remains our central expectation.

The first two columns in the table below shows average spreads between 10Y/2Y bond yields and the Fed-eral Funds target rate in a five-day window leading up to the first Fed cuts in 1995 and 1998. The last col-umn displays current market levels for these spreads. Using these time windows prior to the first Fed cuts in 1995 and 1998 as benchmarks, it appears that current spreads appear low. In other words, bond yields appear low relative to the 1995 and 1998 benchmarks. The bottom line is that bond yields might be over-shooting at present.

Note: The first two columns of the table report average spreads in percentage points. The last columnreports current spreads using the following bond yields. 10Y: 4.3372Y: 3.878



by Danske Bank


U.S Market Update 12 Sept 07



- There are no major economic numbers scheduled for release in the US today, however MBA mortgage applications for the week ending September 7 will be released at 7:00 ET. There are no estimates for the mortgage applications number; the prior reading was 1.3%.

- There is no new supply scheduled in the US today. As expected, the Treasury announced yesterday that they will be selling $8B in 10-year notes. The results from the 10-year note auction are due out mid-session on Thursday.

- There are no central bank speakers scheduled in the US today.

- In European economic news overnight, Euro-Zone industrial production for the month of July was stronger than expected, with small upward revisions to June’s readings. Industrial production was 0.6% m/m and 3.7% y/y, above estimates of 0.2% and 3.1% respectively. In the UK overnight, the claimant count rate for the month of August was in line with consensus expectations at 2.6%, while July’s reading was revised up to 2.7% from 2.6%. The jobless claims change was slightly better than expected at –4.2K. Average earnings including bonus rose by more than expected to 3.5% in July from an upwardly revised 3.4% in June, while average earnings excluding bonus were in line with estimates at 3.5%. The ILO unemployment rate for the month of July was also in line with consensus estimates at 5.4%. The Bank of England’s King said overnight that the money-market rescue risks a future financial crisis, adding that interest rates could be adjusted quickly when necessary.

- In Asian economic news overnight, Japanese Prime Minister Abe announced his resignation. Chinese retail sales for the month of august rose by more than expected to 17.1% for the highest reading since May 2004. Chinese M2 money supply rose declined by more than expected to 18.1% in August from 18.5% in July. Japanese consumer confidence for the month of August unexpectedly declined to 44.1 from 44.6 I July, while household consumer confidence declined in line with consensus expectations to 44.0 from 44.4 in June. The seasonally adjusted South Korean unemployment rate declined to 3.2% from 3.4% in July.



by Trade The News Staff



Dollar Erases Losses Against Euro After Falling to Record Low


Sept. 12 -- The dollar erased losses against the euro after earlier falling to a record low, and pared its decline versus the yen.

The dollar declined for a sixth day against the common European currency, the longest losing streak since April, as investors bet the U.S.'s interest-rate advantage over Europe will narrow amid the housing market slump.

The dollar traded at $1.3844 per euro by 9:05 a.m. in London, little changed on the day, after earlier declining to an all-time low of $1.3878. That compares with the previous low of $1.3852 reached on July 24.

The U.S. currency also slipped to 114.07 yen from 114.27 yesterday, on speculation Japanese investors will trim riskier overseas bond holdings after Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said he will resign.


By Lukanyo Mnyanda (Bloomberg)


U.K. Pound Erases Gains Versus Dollar, Declines Against Euro


Sept. 12 -- The pound erased earlier advances against the dollar and fell versus the euro on speculation interest rates in the U.K. have peaked.

The pound traded at $2.0319 by 9:15 a.m. in London after rising to $2.0360 earlier, and compared with $2.0333 yesterday. Against the euro, the pound fell to 68.14 pence from 68.06 in the previous session.


By Anchalee Worrachate (Bloomberg)


Australia Dollar Rises on Increased Confidence in Global Growth

Sept. 12 -- The Australian dollar rose to the highest in almost a month as signs global economic growth will be sustained gave investors confidence to buy the country's higher-yielding assets.

The currency gained for a second day after U.S. stocks rallied the most this month on evidence consumers are weathering an economic slowdown stemming from losses in subprime mortgages. Australia's dollar was also boosted as metals prices increased on demand from China. Exports of raw materials add about 14 percent to the country's economic growth.

``The Australian dollar has a bit of positive momentum,'' said Greg Gibbs, a currency strategist at ABN Amro Holding NV in Sydney. ``The view at the moment is that global growth will hold together with the strong equity market and strong metals.''

The Australian dollar advanced 0.7 percent to 83.28 U.S. cents at 11:15 a.m. in Sydney from 82.68 cents late in Asia yesterday, and may reach 84 cents today, Gibbs said.

The local dollar climbed against 15 of its 16 most-active currencies from yesterday, rising the most versus the yen to buy 95.11 from 93.86 yen. Only New Zealand's dollar, another so- called commodity currency, gained by more.

Gibbs said Australia's dollar had also been supported by a weaker U.S. dollar, which has fallen against 12 of its 16 most traded counterparts this month as investors have raised bets the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates.

Stocks, Metals

Australia's dollar benefited after the Standard & Poor's 500 Index added 1.4 percent in New York yesterday, as General Motors Corp. said demand is strong enough to charge more for cars. The region's stocks followed, with the Morgan Stanley Capital International Asia-Pacific Index of shares advancing 0.6 percent. Australian shares gained for a second day.

The London Metal Exchange Index, which tracks futures contracts of six metals including copper and aluminum, strengthened 3.2 percent yesterday, the biggest jump since April. Australia's dollar has increased more than 50 percent over the past five years, as the LME index more than tripled.

The Reserve Bank of Australia last week kept its interest- rate at an 11-year high of 6.5 percent. That compares with the 5.25 percent U.S. cost of borrowing and Japan's benchmark rate of 0.5 percent, which is the lowest in the industrialized world.

Australia's government two-year benchmark bonds yield 2.32 percentage points more than similar-maturity Treasuries, close to the almost three-year high of 2.43 percentage points spread reached Sept. 7. The premium over Japan's two-year notes is 5.46 percentage points, after reaching an almost 5-month high 5.51 percentage points late last week.

The yield on the Australian two-year bond rose 2 basis points to 6.26 percent. The price of the 7.5 percent bond maturing in September 2009 fell 0.047, or A$0.47 per A$1,000 face amount, to 102.285. Bond yields move inversely to price and a basis point equals 0.01 percentage point.


By David McIntyre (Bloomberg)


Bank of America Raises Yen Forecast to 117 a Dollar From 120

Sept. 12 -- Bank of America N.A. raised its 2007 forecast for the yen to 117 against the dollar as Japanese individuals invest fewer savings overseas.

The yen has rebounded from a 4 1/2-year low in June to become the best performer among the 16 most-active currencies in the past month as falling stocks discouraged Japanese housewives, pensioners and businessmen from taking out loans to buy higher- yielding assets. The Bank of Japan's 0.5 percent benchmark borrowing cost compares with 6.50 percent in Australia and 8.25 percent in New Zealand.

``Japanese investors' tolerance for risk is decreasing,'' Tomoko Fujii, head of economics and strategy for Japan at Bank of America in Tokyo, said in an interview today. ``Their courage for investing overseas isn't as strong.''

The yen traded at 114.09 against the dollar at 11:13 a.m. in Tokyo compared with 114.27 in late New York yesterday and 124.13 on June 22. Fujii previously forecast the currency to fall to 120 against the dollar by year-end.

The strategist at the second-largest U.S. bank joins Barclays Capital, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd. and Daiwa Securities Group in raising forecasts for the yen in the past three weeks. Bank of America's estimate compares with a year-end median forecast of 116 yen in a Bloomberg News survey of 44 strategists and economists.

Japanese investors sold more foreign bonds than they bought for a third month in August, with net sales of 690.4 billion yen ($6.05 billion), data from the Ministry of Finance showed today. The yen rose 2.4 percent versus the dollar last month.

`Hard to Imagine'

Japan's currency has jumped 7.8 percent since June 22, when Bear Stearns Cos., the fifth-biggest U.S. securities firm by market value, said it would bail out a hedge fund that lost money on securities related to subprime mortgages.

Borrowing of yen to purchase higher-yielding currencies by mom and pop investors has contributed to the more than 5 percent decline in the past year versus New Zealand's and Australia's dollars, favorite targets for so-called carry trades. Japanese investors have 1,536 trillion yen in financial assets, according to figures from the central bank.

In a carry trade, investors get funds in a country with low borrowing costs and invest in one with higher interest rates, earning the spread between the borrowing and lending rate. The risk is that currency moves erase those profits.

Yen short positions against seven major currencies such as the dollar and euro fell by 54 percent to 192,543 contracts on Aug. 17 from 420,758 on Aug. 9, according to Bloomberg calculations based on data from Tokyo Financial Exchange Inc., Japan's largest financial futures market.

A short position is a wager on a currency's decline. The contracts are denominated in 10,000 units of the foreign currency. The Bank of Japan estimated the Tokyo futures exchange has a market share of 5.8 percent of margin trades as of December 2006.

``It's hard to imagine risk appetite will return to the high levels of pre-market turmoil in August,'' Fujii said.


By Kosuke Goto (Bloomberg)




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